supalux fire board. developed a fire tested solution for upgrading the fire performance of existing concrete structures using Promat PROMATECT®-H, a specialist calcium silicate fire protection board. supalux fire board

 
developed a fire tested solution for upgrading the fire performance of existing concrete structures using Promat PROMATECT®-H, a specialist calcium silicate fire protection boardsupalux fire board </p><p>Fire resisting walls used for partitioning buildings and enclosing compartments will be required to provide a barrier to the passage of fire from one side or the other and must therefore be also to satisfy

Edge glue is PVA. 9mm Promat SUPALUX® board fixed to stud and perimeter channels. Jewson’s plasterboard category features boards from British Gypsum. Fire Resistant Boards Astroflame Fireseals Ltd Unit 8 I. Please contact us for a fire boarding quotation and delivery charge. 69 Ex VAT From £167. Fire Rating (Reaction to Fire): A2 (Limited combustibility) Fire Protection (Resistance to Fire):. Full length boards up to Chisel point staples, 50mm x 12. It is formulated without inorganic fibres and does not contain formaldehyde. Define A/V requirement from Table 1. Product name : SUPALUX® Product group : Calcium Silicate board. The board is non-combustible simple to work and fix, easy to decorate,. Thinner solution when compared to other fire-resistant constructions. 30 (£ 265. PROMAT SUPALUX 15mm is a strong off-white in colour original fire protection board capable of being. Promat supalux is strong, lightweight non-combustible building fire protection board used in various building applications. 55 Ex VAT £49. Supalux is a strong, lightweight capable of being cut and shaped accordingly. Produces a monolithic coating able to withstand thermal shocks. 34 inc VAT)KIAB Super Member. Boards are either butt jointed or flush jointed. This Supalux sanded fire protection building board from Promat is a strong and lightweight building board offering 30-240 minutes of fire protection. It is formulated without inorganic fibres, does not contain formaldehyde and can provide up to 240 minutes fire resistance. 2m x 12mm. SUPALUX ®-S is a board made from a calcium silicate matrix reinforced with cellulose fibres. developed a fire tested solution for upgrading the fire performance of existing concrete structures using Promat PROMATECT®-H, a specialist calcium silicate fire protection board. Supalux Fire Board and Supalux Fireboard The Dissimilaries Supalux board is used in constructing buildings where temperature blockage is a need. 242W/m°K SUPALUX® Fire protective construction board Product description SUPALUX® is a non-combustible calcium silicate board9mm Promat Supalux A1 Fire Rated is a high-performance calcium silicate fire protection board with up to 240 minutes fire rating used in steel and timber frame, mezzanine floors, shaft-wall and doors installations. T - 01329 844500 F - 132 Page 2 W - E - sales@astroflame. fillers, 100% asbestos free The SUPALUX® formula is cured to form a. This provides an Insulation (EI) Automatic Fire Barrier so that occupants can pass by safety, on protected means of escape routes. 4mPromat SUPALUX is a non-combustible calcium silicate board reinforced with selected fibres and fillers which can be used for fire protection of internal partitions and external walls. £ 718. 5mm (5 May 2023) Product Data Sheet Glasroc X Sheathing Board 12. We add our own specific tests to the legally required tests to make sure our products and systems will protect well in real fire situations. Core and papers are bonded with starch. Supalux is a calcium silicate board with fibres and fillers, non-combustible, easy to work and fix, and resistant to fire and moisture. New ceiling lining: Timber floor constructions should normally be tested or assessed in accordance with BS 476-21 and are required to satisfy the three failure criteria of. The system requires Promat 9 mm Supalux fire board to cover any exposed steel surfaces. Structural Protection. Fire Rating: A1(Non-combustible) Fire Protection: 30minutes. No other board can deliver the same peace of mind with 30 plus years of proven performance. Promat SUPALUX® boards, 9mm thick, to fire risk side. Wherever you are, there is always a Promat passive fire protection expert near you. They can be used for example to protect structures (steel, concrete, timber and composite), create fire compartmentation and for ducts that control the heat and smoke during a fire. 10mm Promat PROMATECT-H Calcium Silicate Fire-Board. Made from magnesium originating from basic magnesium. 30 plus years proven performance. The summary has been given on the basis that in reality the information provide will probably relate to a mixture of Supalux and other Mica containing boards. Our fire boards are made from easy to score & snap plasterboard, great for an easy instillation. PROMATECT ® -L500 is off white in colour and has a smooth sanded surface on one face with a lightly honeycombed texture on the reverse face. A strong and lightweight building board offering 30-240 minutes of fire protection, this Promat Supalux building board delivers 30 plus years of proven performance across many building applications. 88m 2. The material contains neither inorganic fibres nor formaldehyde. 07 ex. 2. 026W/mK. SUPALUX 12mm is a strong, lightweight reinforced with selected fire fibres and fillers, off-white in. </p><p>Fire resisting walls used for partitioning buildings and enclosing compartments will be required to provide a barrier to the passage of fire from one side or the other and must therefore be also to satisfy. Uses advised against No additional information available 1. 9mm Supalux Promat Fire Protection Board. Thermal Conductivity: 0. 4. Made from calcium silicate, it comes reinforced with selected fibres and fillers for impact resistance and is ideal for industrial applications. New ceiling lining: Timber floor constructions should normally be tested or assessed in accordance with BS 476-21 and are required to satisfy the three failure criteria of. Fire rating minutes Promat SUPALUX® Thickness Cover fillets/ rock wool Max. Board area: 2. Get a Selco Trade Card or login now. Think I would use a thin ply over and duck tape joints then overboard with pink fire plaster board Tape joints/fill screws and paint. 6mm Promat Supalux is an ultimate class A1 non-combustible reinforced calcium silicate fire protection board providing up to 240 minutes fire rating and improved moisture resistance. It is formulated without inorganic fibres and does not contain formaldehyde. Boards fixed at base to angle fixed to MF5 section (11) and are also at top toTrade name: SUPALUX ® issued: 10/03/08 Supersedes version: 11/10/06 Version: PUK - SDS SUPALUX - (PIdoc T2) - English 10 03 2008 Page 1 of 5 Promat 1. Facing: 9mm Promat SUPALUX® boards fixed to both sides with M4 x 25mm self-tapping screws. Detail 4 – Board Fixing Detail 3 5 2 4 1 Smoke kills more people in fires than heat, flames or. SUPALUX®. 5m. Promat Supalux is high performance fire protection board, offering up to four hour fire resistance, depending upon application. Promat SUPALUX is a calcium silicate board reinforced with selected fibres and fillers. Vertical boards (2 layers of 9mm Supalux®) (10), fixed to steel sections with joints staggered by minimum 600mm, boards cut to fit within purlin and fitted flush to underside of roof. It has been given a fire classification of A1, which is the best possible rating. 2. The result. Knauf Fireshield, a gypsum board - 2 sheets would give 2 hours of fire protection. It would appear that. 220W/mK. Promat SUPALUX®is a strong, lightweight, non-combustible building board, fully certified for constructions offering between 60 and 240 minutes fire resistance. Please consult Promat on 0800 145 6033 if. 15mm thick (or 2 x 9mm) SUPALUX® board, fixed to timber studs using 50mm long round head nails at nominal 150mm centres. Promat SUPALUX ® is non-combustible and can provide fully certified fire protection of up to 240 minutes. Promat SUPALUX® is a strong, lightweight, non-combustible building board, fully certified for constructions offering between 60 and 240 minutes fire resistance. This board can be used in a range of applications such as internal partitions, internal/external walls, ceilings. Fire resisting walls used for partitioning buildings and enclosing compartments will be required to provide a barrier to the passage of fire from one side or the other and must. Promat SUPALUX® THATCH is a non- combustible, micro porous, calcium silicate board (size 1. Calcium Silicate Board For Steel Protection / Smoke Barriers / Fire Resistant Walls / Ceilings & Duct Works6mm SUPALUX Promat 2440x1220. Used as a fire resistant board is fine but more importantly, does it have any 'nasty' properties? Made from calcium silicate now I think, certainly no asbestos in the board now, as that is now banned, BUT I'm pretty sure there was years ago. Cafco FENDOLITE® MII. Independently tested and third-party certified. £65. Dormer Cheeks and Timber Framed external walls, that are within 1m of a relevant boundary, will need to provide fire resistance from both the internal and the external side of the wall. PROMAFOUR ® Boards: a non-combustible board which can withstand a maximum continuous operating temperature of 1000 o C. Promat produces one of the most complete and efficient ranges of. Fire Rating (Reaction to Fire): A1 (Non-combustible) Fire Protection (Resistance to Fire): 240minutes. 0. A1 CLADDING LIMITED is a nationwide manufacturer and supplier of Decorative Cladding, Insulation,Facade Systems, Frame and Fixings, Building Boards, Fire Protection Products, Panel Fabrication and CNC Service to the Construction and Engineering industries. FIRE PERFORMANCE G Up to 240 minutes fire resistance. SUPALUX 6mm is a strong, lightweight reinforced with selected fire fibres and fillers, off-white in colour original fire board capable of being cut and shaped appropriately. Price: £ 302. 96. NoMorePly 12mm Fibre Cement Construction Board 1200 x 800mm. 00 + VAT. £243. Promat UK Variant: SUPALUX® - 2440 x 1220 mm. £203. Browse our fire resistant boards suitable for drylining, wall lining & ceiling systems where increased fire protection is needed. Promat SUPALUX is a calcium silicate board reinforced with selected fibres and fillers. FIRE PERFORMANCE: There are three different fire performances, to BS476 Part 22: 1987, available from these two system variants:SUPALUX® is the ultimate and original high performance fire protection board, with proven performance in builds across the UK. Moisture Resistance Promat PROMAFOUR-SUPALUX® boards are hygroscopic and vapour. nt. 2 SUPALU Passive Fire Protection Contents Defining types of fire 3 Fire resistance test standards — fire reaction in testing of materials and products 4 Fire resistance test standards — fire reaction in testing of construction systems 5 Vocabulary of fire resistance performance criteria 8 SUPALUX®Fire protective construction board 9. Promat Supalux Fire Protection Board can be used in steel and timber frame, mezzanine floors, shaft-wall and doors. Learn more. Promat have provided and manufactured fire resistant board for over 30 years now, all of which are high-quality containing fireproof materials that offer premium protection. Stores can offer delivery of materials on the same-day purchased, based on scheduling availability. Supalux Fire Board 15mm is proven to give you 35 years of performance within high-temperature environments. Specifications. 36. The fire MIs specified heat resistance plaster but they wouldn't specify a brand when asked - so I was, like you a little sceptical. The board offers all-round performance, and is rated as Euroclass A1 'non-combustible' for fire safety in steel encasements and specialist lining systems. Provides coverage of 3. It is formulated without inorganic fibres and does not contain formaldehyde. A strong and lightweight building board offering 30-240 minutes of fire protection, this Promat Supalux building board delivers 30 plus years of proven performance across many building applications. Collection. SUPALUX® SUPALUX® Fire Protection Building Board | 2440mm x 1220mm. 9mm Promat SUPALUX Bevelled Edge Ceiling Tiles. 62 (£100. Provides coverage of 2. The material contains neither inorganic fibres nor formaldehyde. Pay in 30 days. 76kg. Up to 240 minutes fire protection. Promat SUPALUX is a strong, lightweight, non-combustible fire protection building board offering up to 240 minutes fire resistance. With an A1 non-combustible classification Multipurpose offers the highest level of fire rated performance making it an. Promat supalux is strong, lightweight non-combustible building fire protection board used in various building applications. This system is approved for 2 hour fire resistance according to BS 476: Part 22: 1987, height up to 3. Supalux® is off white in colour and has a smooth sanded surface on one side, with. I used supalux fire board available from travis perkins. 98m2. Promat Masterboard 6 x 1220 x 2440mm. 4m Promat SUPALUX is a non-combustible calcium silicate board reinforced with selected fibres and fillers which can be used for fire protection of internal partitions and external walls. 15mm thick (or 2 x 9mm) SUPALUX® board, or an alternative system to provide 60 minutes fire protection, with vapour barrier. That’s why its the UK’s leading fire protection board. Products and systems for passive fire protection. Height exceeding 3. Certification of 9mm Promat Supalux Fire. SUPALUX ® is off-white in colour and has a smooth finish on one face with a sanded reverse face. SUPALUX ®-S is a board made from a calcium silicate matrix reinforced with cellulose fibres. Select collection. The system design will be dependent on performance requirements but. Download. Promat Supalux is a strong, lightweight non-combustible building board for use in many fire resisting and general purpose building applications, providing 240 minutes fire. Thermal Conductivity: 0. It is suitable for a variety of applications, including door upgrades and. The Promat SUPALUX is a strong high-performance fire protection board suitable for high-temperature environments. PROMATECT ® -L500 is a non combustible low density calcium silicate board, used for the construction of fire resistant ducts, cladding of sheet metal ducts and to provide fire rated cable and service enclosures. 6mm steel channels with 3 layers of 50mm x 100 kg/m3 mineral wool infillTrade name : SUPALUX® Identification of the product : Calcium Silicate board. Non-combustible. External. 25mm Promat Monolux 800 Fire Protection Board is a calcium silicate board, designed to maintain stable strength and rigidity when. 30 - 240 minutes fire resistance. The board is non-combustible simple to work and fix, easy to decorate, resistant to the. Promat SIJPALIJXE fillet/coverstrip, 50mm wide, each sue 6mm thick over studs and at horizonta board johts. This will depend on the thickness and system used. 5m please refer to Kemwell Thermal Ltd. Colour. 15mm Supalux Fire Protection Board Class A1 (240 minutes) £ 475. SUPALUX is also moisture resistant and can be installed before wet trades are completed and the building is weather-tight. Boards are either butt jointed or flush jointed. Among the Promat Supalux plasterboard materials available is the Promat Masterboard 2440 x 1220 x 6mm and Promat Supalux 2440 x 1220 x 6mm which can provide between 60 to 240 minutes fire resistance. It is formulated without inorganic fibres and does not contain formaldehyde. 09 inc VAT) Click to view discounts. Browse our fire resistant boards suitable for drylining, wall lining & ceiling systems where increased fire protection is needed. The ultimate high-performance fire protection board from Promat. Examples of applications for non-combustible boards SUPALUX®-S : Fire resistant. It is A1 Non Combustible, fire resistant, and suitable for use in damp or humid conditions, with a smooth finish and bevelled edge panels. Width: 1200mm. Promat SUPALUX. A high performance, multi-functional MGO board, offers a fire-safe and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional wood, plywood or OSB products. 12mm SUPALUX Promat 2440x1220. Where there is a requirement for a non-combustible, heat resistant board, to line walls around high temperature multi fuel heating appliances, exceeding 80°C, Promat PROMAFOUR-SUPALUX® can be specified (withstands. 1. 04m2K/W. PROMATECT®-100. 3. Rock wool, minimum 30mm x 60 kg/m³ or 60mm x 23 kg/m³. Thermal Conductivity: 0. The ultimate and original high performance fire protection board. Promat SUPALUX® boards, 15mm thick. This board can be used in a range of applications such as internal partitions, internal/external walls, ceilings. Add to Wish List Add to Compare. Edge glue is PVA. 68 per sheet. SUPALUX ® can be left undecorated or easily finished. The material contains neither inorganic fibres nor formaldehyde. Promat offers a wide range of products (bags, pastes, sealants and liquid coatings, necklaces, bricks, stoppers, sheaths, intumescent strips, etc. MASTERBOARD ® is off-white in colour and has a smooth finish on one face with a sanded reverse face. The Promat Supalux Fire Protection Board 2440 x 1220 x 12mm (L x W x T) is a high-performance fire protection board that offers improved moisture resistance and suitability for application within high temperature environments. Delivery Free delivery available (restrictions apply) Log in to buy. 09 inc. Max height: 4. Promat Supalux Fire Protection Board 15mm x 1220mm x 2440mm. Promat Supalux. 5mm x 1. As a versatile Class 0 rated board, it is perfect for internal partitions, external walls, roofs, floors. SUPALUX® is a non-combustible calcium under Promat’s proprietary silicate board manufactured Mineral Matrix Engineering Technology. All Promat products and systems have been tested at nationally accredited laboratories around the. Promat produces one of the most complete and efficient ranges of. For use, for example, where required by alterations to a building, change of use, or under certification requirementsDistributor / Channel Partner of Fire Protection Boards - Doorsteel High Impact Steel Boards Blast Proof Fire Proof, Promatect - H Fireproof Board, Promina -60 Fireproof Board and Supalux Board Fire Protection and Insulation offered by MG Materials, Delhi. You could use the pink fire plasterboard. Versapanel Cement Particle Board 12mm x 1200mm x 2400mm. Promat 4193 Supalux Full Sheet Fire Boards 2440 x 1220 x 12mm. FIRE PERFORMANCE:Timber studwork, minimum of 63mm x 50mm at 610mm centres, but sized to suit the dormer construction byPROMATECT ® -L500. The board is non-combustible simple to work and fix, easy to decorate, resistant to the. 79. 320W/mK. Supalux is the ultimate high-performance fire protection board that will not rot, deteriorate or decay. £ 320. Promat is the expert and worldwide reference in passive fire protection and high-performance insulation for the construction sector and a large number of industrial markets. £ 267. Type of product : Article. delivery Mon, Nov 13. Weight: 35. PROMATECT ® -L500 is off white in colour and has a smooth sanded surface on one face with a lightly honeycombed. 43. Boards fixed to timber studs using minimum 50mm long round head nails at nominal 150mm centres. BBS Facades supply a wide range of products for internal and external applications that require an element of fire resistance, including Rockpanel FS-Xtra, Supalux, Masterboard, Siltech, Cembrit FR and Y-Wall. Benefits: • SUPALUX has 30 - 240 minutes fire resistance. Fire Rating (Reaction to Fire): A2 (Limited combustibility) 12. 25. 88m2) (057/064/1125) 2 - 3 WORKING DAY DELIVERY. 1. 1220 x 2440mm Promat SUPALUX ® SUPALUX® boards are available in various sizes and thicknesses to provide fire protection in for the following applications. 84. It tolerates moisture and is glass-reinforced to. VERMICULUX ® -S is an A1 non-combustible calcium silicate board which provides up to 240 minutes fire protection to structural steel. 2m x 0. This is for the following build up (bottom to top): Cedar, fire board, phenolic insulation board (£££!), CLT. 3. Supalux is a strong, lightweight capable of being. 12mm Promat MASTERBOARD is made from calcium silicate reinforced with selected fibres and fillers. 5 self-drilling self-tapping screws at 200mm centres, fixed on both sides of the joint. £21. Price: £ 83. Visit our website: up to our Newsletter: SUPALUX Promat 2440x1220. We leave nothing to chance. It is one of only a few boards to combine resistance to humidity, mechanical strength and fire resistance. Promat recommend SUPALUX® THATCH for this application. SUPALUX ® can be left undecorated or easily finished. Horizontal board joints backed with Promat SUPALUX® coverstrip 75mm wide x 9mm thick. A1 Non-combustible reinforced calcium. SUPALUX® board fixed to stud and perimeter channels through the fillets using M4 x 38mm self-tapping screws at 200mm nominal centres. Fire Rating: A1(Non-combustible) Fire Protection:. Provides coverage of 2. Up to 240 minutes fire protection. Class 0 Buildings Regulations classification. Weight/m2: 23. It is a high performance board which can be used in constructions providing up to 240 minutes fire protection. £ 235. It is formulated without inorganic fibres and does not contain formaldehyde. Add to. Thermal Conductivity: 0. Control System:Promat SUPALUX? is a strong, lightweight non-combustible building board for use in many fire resisting and general purpose building applications. Complete them with fire resistant glass. Weight: 35. A High Performance, Non-Combustible Fire Protection Board Uniclass L5:P2:N32 CI/SfB Rf9 (K2)+(K3) EPIC E:X2:Y421 applications guide 2 Promat SUPALUX Applications Overview Application Description Fire Rating Page (minutes) Number INTERNAL PARTITIONS Timber Studs 30, 60, 90, 120 4 Steel Studs 30, 60, 90 6 120,. dimensionally stable board through an autoclave process where the. SUPALUX fire resistant systems. The following regional districts were dissolved in December 1995. 2. Download. Promat SUPALUX ® is recommended for this application. Made from calcium silicate, it comes reinforced with selected fibres and fillers for good impact resistance - ideal for industrial applications. It is formulated without inorganic fibres, does not contain formaldehyde and can provide up to 240 minutes fire resistance. The thickness of Promat SUPALUX® fillets on underside of theSupalux is the trade name for a lightweight, fire-resistant insulation board and can often be mistaken for asbestos insulation board (AIB). 3 Sep 2019. Ideal for use behind a wood burning. of SUPALUX® board required. 6mm at maximum 150mm centres. 2. No problems so far after 2. Manufacturers of Medium Density, Non-Combustible, Durable, Fire, Moisture and Thermal Resistant Building Boards. All screws are positioned nominal 12mm from board edges and 40mm from board corners. Promat provides a broad and comprehensive range of passive fire protection and insulation solutions for building construction - structural protection for steel & concrete structures, partitions, wall linings, mechanical and. Supalux. R-Value: 0. A strong and lightweight building board offering 30-240 minutes of fire protection, this Promat Supalux building board delivers 30 plus years of proven performance across many building applications. Early installation for faster build. 04m2K/W. SUPALUX. Features and benefits of Promat Supalux Fire Protection Board 9mm: 30 - 240 minutes fire resistanceThis system is approved for 2 hour fire resistance according to BS 476: Part 22: 1987, height up to 3. Promat SUPALUX® is a strong, lightweight, non-combustible building board, fully certified for constructions offering between 60 and 240 minutes ire resistance. Sheathing Board (e. Made from calcium silicate, it comes reinforced with selected fibres and fillers for impact resistance and is ideal for industrial applications. Buy Supalux Thermal Insulating Sheet, 300mm x 295mm x 9mm SUPA 9 or other Thermal Insulation online from RS for next day delivery on your order plus great service and a great price from the largest electronics components. How To build a Promat SUPALUX® partition to provide 120 mins fire protection. 7mm or. Supalux. Promat SUPALUX® fillet/coverstrip, 80mm x 9mm. £159. Get Best Price Add to Wish List. 120 minute fire rating – Promat SUPALUX® fillet, 25mm thick x 100mm wide fixed to steel channels with self-tapping or self-drilling screws. BBS Facades carry stock of all popular Fire Protection Boards and can cut to size prior to delivery or collection. £199. Meticulously researched and aggressively tested, Versapanel ® is a product of which we are justifiably proud and a product in which you can be justifiably confident. FIRE PERFORMANCE:Timber studwork, minimum of 63mm x 50mm at 610mm centres, but sized to suit the dormer construction byPromat SUPALUX is a non-combustible calcium silicate board reinforced with selected fibres and fillers which can be used for fire protection of internal partitions and external walls. Description. Max height: 4. Thermal Resistance: 0. Promat Supalux Sanded Fire Protection Building Board. It is A1 Non Combustible, fire resistant, and suitable for use in damp or humid. £43. £279. Price: £ 83. Promat Supalux Fire Protection Board can be used in steel and timber frame, mezzanine floors, shaft-wall and doors installations. 35 Inc VAT. Building regs say double layer standard board or 1 pink fire board. MASTERBOARD ® is a calcium silicate board reinforced with selected fibres and fillers. . Promat SUPALUX is a calcium silicate board reinforced with selected fibres and fillers. Browse our documentation. 240 minute fire protection - Promat SUPALUX, a calcium silicate board available in 6mm, 9mm, 12mm and 15mm thickness. 15mm Supalux Promat Fire Protection Board. 2. 76kg. Call us for more details. 48kg. Promat Supalux Fire Protection Board 2. Features and benefits of Promat Supalux Fire Protection Board 15mm: 30 - 240 minutes fire resistance; A1 non-combustible according to EN13501-1Product Information: The ultimate and original high-performance fire protection board. Promat SUPALUX® 2440 x 1220mm From £139. Promat SUPALUX is a calcium silicate board reinforced with selected fibres and fillers. Any gaps to be fire stopped with rock wool. Promat Supalux. Here you can find all the handbooks, manuals and datasheets you need to complete your passive fire protection design and protect your building. Suitable for damp or humid conditions and high temperature environments. Fire protective boards are an essential part of the fire safety of a building. It is a high performance board which can be used in constructions providing up to 240 minutes fire protection. It is simple to work and fix, easy to decorate, resistant to the effects of moisture and. PROMATECT ® 250 comprises autoclaved calcium silicate spheres (PROMAXON ® is a synthetic hydrated calcium silicate in spherical form) bound in a mineral matrix. SUPALUX® Fire Protection Building Board | 2440mm x 1220mm. 3. Weight: 33. At Promat, we want to offer our products the highest level of testing and certification globally available. </p><p>New ceiling lining: Timber floor constructions should normally be tested or assessed in accordance with BS 476-21 and are required to satisfy the three failure criteria of loadbearing capacity, integrity and.